Area reportsinternational africa and the middle east. To understand the development of hydrocarbons and the locations of oil fields in the middle east, it is important to mention the successive geodynamic events that shaped todays topography in the region since the break of the arabian plate from africa and the opening of the red sea, starting from miocene time. Geology and mineral resources of kenya with special emphasis on minerals around mombasa. The neoproterozoic geology of east africa records the events leading up to the formation of gondwana and subsequently pangea, and hence understanding the geodynamic history of this area offers a. Central african republic niger delta w a l vis ridge angola cabinda namibe basin geology and total petroleum systems of the westcentral coastal province 7203, west africa u. Rifting putatively developed as a result of mantle plume activity that initiated below east africa. States, geology is before you in the vistas of the rocky mountains, for example. Mountain ranges exhibit extraordinary scenic diversity, are pure beauty, and are pure geology three qualities that should be linked in everyones mind. Trauth 2nd fourcoloured revised and enlarged edition, with 417. This new volume on the geology of east africa provides a concise account of the multifaceted regional geology and stratigraphy of east africa, that is kenya, tanzania and uganda. Duncan macgregor, history of the development of the east african. Pdf the geology and geochemistry of the east african orogen. Eastern africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest. The geologic systems are discussed in terms of their genesis, lithology, structure, stratigraphy, age, metamorphism and mineralisation.
Geology and development in southern africa sciencedirect. Contributions to the geology of british east africa. The zone is typically troughlike, 40 to 65 km wide, and traverses two broad, elongated domal uplifts in ethiopia and kenya. Geology of east africa provides a concise account of the multifaceted regional geology and stratigraphy of east africa, that is kenya, tanzania and uganda. Regional geology of africa springerverlag berlin heidelberg new york london paris tokyo hong kong barcelona.
Ethiopia is considered part of the horn of africa and is bordered by sudan to the west and southwest, djibouti to the east, somalia to the east and southeast, eritrea to the north and northeast, and kenya to the south. This history is then related to various problems affecting the construction of roads in south africa. This occurred during impingement of the bouvet hotspot which weakened the lithosphere sufficiently to allow continental breakup. South africa exploration history the first organised effort to explore for hydrocarbons in south africa was undertaken by the geological survey of madhurima bhattacharya1 and gregor duval1 share the results of a broadband 2d survey that shed new light on the interpretation of the geology in the area. Geology of the eastern rift system of africa geology of the. This course deals with the detailed geologic aspects of the different rock systems of the eastern region of africa including burundi, kenya, rwanda, sudan, tanzania, uganda and the democratic republic of congo drc. Regional geology of east africa 2 makerere university.
Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the east african continental. In florida, on the other hand, with its maximum elevation at only approximately 105 meters in the panhandle. Mount kenya, the greatest mountain in british east africa, was discovered by ludwig krapf, 2 when on december 3rd, 1849, he saw its twohorned summit from a hill above the wakamba village of kitui. No suggestion as to the structure of kenya was made until 1883, when joseph thomson, after a view of the mountain across the laikipia plateau, described it as the denuded. The eastern rift of africa is a zone of normal faults separating the horn of africa from the remainder of the continent. It is very difficult to correlate erosion surfaces from various parts of east africa on the basis of their surface morphology, soils and deposits, due to the varying influences of tectonism, lava. Pdf geology and mineralization of east africa rift system. Tectonics, sedimentation and volcanism in the east african rift system. Abstract this paper briefly summarises the geological and geomorphological history of south africa.
The presence of certain ancient features, including the great dyke of rhodesia and an alignment of bushveldtype igneous complexes. Detailed and reconnaissance studies of geothermal potential in eastern africa indicates that the region has potential of 2,500mwe to 6,500mwe. Simplified geological map of tanzania modified from hester, 1998 iii. Introduction to the east african rift system, by c.
Structurally, the geology of uganda is strongly influenced by fold belts and shear zones, as well as the east africa rift related crustal downwarping in the pleistocene that formed lake victoria. The east african rift system is increasingly viewed as a hydrocarbon exploration hotspot with recent discoveries in the albertine rift and offshore tanzania. Special volume of the 24th colloquium of african geology. Click download or read online button to get geology of kenya book now. East africas geological features, from precambrian basement, the paleontology and geology of the sedimentary series overlying it, to the structural evolution and. Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the east african. Stockley please note, due to essential maintenance online purchasing will be unavailable between 6. Nwsestriking faults by subsurface geology, drilling results and geophysical methods, including deep seismic reflection data. East africa, made up of kenya, tanzania, and uganda. The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa.
Island on fire the extraordinary story of laki, the volcano that turned europe dark. The east african rift system ears is one the geologic wonders of the world, a place where the earths tectonic forces are presently trying to create new plates by splitting apart old ones. Listed below are chapters from the minerals yearbook volume iii. Helmy, jeanpaul liegeois, lopo vasconcelos, tsehaie woldai volume 99, part 2. The geology of the zanzibar protectorate and its relation to the east african mainland volume 79 issue 4 g. Seismic hazard the high level of tectonic activity in east africa rift valley in tanzanian part is major factor in engineering. Much of the data presented, however, is highly relevant to the surrounding countries and regions as well. This lack of comprehension of the complexity of the geology of east africa, coupled with weak seismic resolution, appears to have resulted in poor well location, with. Geological atlas of africa with notes on stratigraphy, tectonics, economic geology, geohazards, geosites and geoscienti. East london bloemfontein johannesburg graaffreinet beaufort west port elizabeth pietermaritzburg 26 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 32 28 24 22 16 18 20 28 30 32 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 i n d i a t n g a o c e a n l a n g t i c o c e f a n 22 24 26 14 dominant lithologyies po rp hy itcg. Area reportsinternationalafrica and the middle east. Geoscience of rift systems evolution of east africa table of contents chapter 1. The geology and mineral rersource potential of kenya overview of the geology of kenya the geology of kenya may generally be grouped into the following five major geological successions.
Geology and earth science news, articles, photos, maps and more. Geology and total petroleum systems of the westcentral coastal province 7203, west africa by michael e. Eastern africa, part of subsaharan africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions. Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of four east africa geologic provinces introduction the main objective of the u. A nations endowment of nonfuel mineral resources, relative to the worlds endowment, is a fundamental consideration in decisions related to a nations economic and environmental well being and security. The north africa and middle east session at the 7th petroleum geology conference brought together 12 papers ranging from keynotes on regional play evaluation to detailed field studies. Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the worldwide 1. However, all the rifting in east africa is not confined to the horn of africa. Geological surveys usgs world petroleum resources project is to assess the potential for undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and natural gas resources of the world, exclusive of the united states.
A snapshot of the geotectonics and petroleum geology of the. Geological development of the rift system of eastern africa. Archean nyanzian and kavirondian, proterozoic mozambique belt and bukoban, palaeozoicmesozoic sediments, tertiaryquaternary volcanics and. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Middle east geology why the middle east fields may produce. A long term baseline and variability of natural radionuclides in groundwater at the vaalputs lowlevel radioactive waste disposal facility, namaqualand, south africa. Jacques varet this book summarizes the geological knowledge accumulated on afar in the last 60 years, demonstrating that it is, and will remain, a real hot spot for geological and geophysical research. Oxford geology group is pleased to announce that alexandra witze, earth and planetary sciences correspondent for nature, will be talking to oxford geology group on thursday april 24 about the book she coauthored with jeff kanipe. F r o n t i e r e x p l o r at i o n east african exploration. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the general geology of these rifts are and highlight the geologic processes involved in their formation. The rift valleys and geology of east africa nature.
The geology and geothermal activity of the east african rift system. The main phase of rifting leading to indian ocean opening lasted from the late pliensbachian to the bajocian c. Special volume of the 24th colloquium of african geology edited by asfawossen asrat, hassan m. Geology and mineralization of east africa rift system. Geology of east africa schweizerbart science publishers. The active east african rift system forms a belt of anastomosing faults extending 4,000 km southsouthwest from the junction of the red sea and gulf of aden to the zambezi river. Pdf geology and nonfuel mineral deposits of africa and the. Geology of afar east africa jacques varet springer. Pdf geology and mineral resources of kenya with special. The geology of the area around east london, cape province an explanation of sheet map 3227d east london, 3228c kei mouth abstract the area is bounded by 320 30s, 2730e and the coast, with east lon don near the midpoint of the coastline. Pages in category geology of africa the following 43 pages are in this category, out of 43 total. The geology of the zanzibar protectorate and its relation to. There are two rainy seasons, februarymarch and late may through july, but ethiopia is periodically plagued by drought. No suggestion as to the structure of kenya was made until 1883, when joseph thomson, after a view of the mountain across the laikipia plateau, described it as the denuded remnant of.
Seychelles, and our onshore geology to readily assess the geological context of the seeps. Jan 01, 2010 the north africa and middle east session at the 7th petroleum geology conference brought together 12 papers ranging from keynotes on regional play evaluation to detailed field studies. The east african rift system has been the classic area of continental rifting since the process was described in kenya by gregory 1896, 1921. Geology of kenya download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. World petroleum resources project assessment of undiscovered. The east african rift system is one of the most outstanding and significant rift systems on earth and transects the highelevation ethiopian and east african plateaux. In 1967, when the first expedition was organized, there was little information on the geology of the area, and even geographic base maps were lacking. The east european craton eec comprises precambrian rocks of the baltic, ukraine and voronezh shields, together with the russian or east european platform, where the eec is covered by relatively thin, undisturbed. However, the first satellite photographs from the apollo and gemini space missions offered a complete picture of the red seagulf of aden region, providing a new vision of the afar triangle. The east african margin has a complex structure due to multiple phases of rifting with different stretching directions. The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa paigegreen, p.
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